SvelteKit Remote Functions

Type-safe client-server communication for SvelteKit applications.

When to Use This Skill

Use this skill by default for all SvelteKit projects. It covers:

• Type-safe data fetching with query
• Forms with progressive enhancement using form
• Imperative server actions with command
• Data invalidation and cache refresh patterns
• Optimistic updates for better UX

File Structure

Remote functions are defined in .remote.js or .remote.ts files.

Core Concepts

Four Function Types

1. query - Read dynamic data (most common for data fetching)
2. form - Write data via forms with progressive enhancement
3. command - Write data imperatively from event handlers
4. prerender - Static data, prerendered at build time (less common)

Key Features

• Type-safe - Full TypeScript support across client-server boundary
• Validated - Use Standard Schema libraries (Zod, Valibot, Arktype) for argument validation
• Serialization - Automatic handling of Date, Map, Set via devalue
• Progressive enhancement - Forms work without JavaScript
• Optimistic updates - Update UI immediately, revert on error
• Single-flight mutations - Efficient query refresh patterns
• N+1 prevention - Batch queries with query.batch()
• Isolated form instances - Multiple forms with form.for(id)

Quick Start Patterns

Data Fetching (Query)

// data.remote.ts
import { query } from '$app/server';
import { z } from 'zod';

export const getPosts = query(async () => {
  return await db.getAllPosts();
});

export const getPost = query(z.string(), async (slug) => {
  return await db.getPost(slug);
});

// Batch queries to prevent N+1 problems
export const getPostsBatch = query.batch(
  z.string(),
  async (slugs) => {
    const posts = await db.getPostsBySlug(slugs);
    return slugs.map(slug => posts.find(p => p.slug === slug));
  }
);

<!-- +page.svelte -->
<script>
  import { getPosts } from './data.remote';
</script>

{#each await getPosts() as post}
  <div>{post.title}</div>
{/each}

Or using properties:

<script>
  import { getPosts } from './data.remote';
  const posts = getPosts();
</script>

{#if posts.loading}
  Loading...
{:else if posts.error}
  Error!
{:else}
  {#each posts.current as post}
    <div>{post.title}</div>
  {/each}
{/if}

Form Submission

// data.remote.ts
import { form } from '$app/server';
import { redirect } from '@sveltejs/kit';
import { z } from 'zod';

export const createPost = form(async (data) => {
  const title = data.get('title');
  // Sensitive fields (prefixed with _) are not sent back to client
  const password = data.get('_password');

  await db.insert(title);

  // Refresh queries that changed
  getPosts().refresh();

  redirect(303, '/posts');
});

// With validation schema
export const createUser = form(
  z.object({
    email: z.string().email(),
    username: z.string().min(3),
    _password: z.string().min(8) // Sensitive field
  }),
  async (data) => {
    await db.createUser(data);
    redirect(303, '/login');
  }
);

<!-- +page.svelte -->
<form {...createPost}>
  <input name="title" />
  <input name="_password" type="password" />
  <button>Create</button>
</form>

<!-- Multiple isolated form instances -->
{#each items as item}
  <form {...deleteItem.for(item.id)}>
    <button>Delete {item.name}</button>
  </form>
{/each}

Imperative Actions (Command)

// likes.remote.ts
import { command, query } from '$app/server';
import { z } from 'zod';

export const getLikes = query(z.string(), async (id) => {
  return await db.getLikes(id);
});

export const addLike = command(z.string(), async (id) => {
  await db.incrementLikes(id);
  getLikes(id).refresh();
});

<!-- +page.svelte -->
<script>
  import { getLikes, addLike } from './likes.remote';
  let { item } = $props();
  
  const likes = getLikes(item.id);
</script>

<button onclick={() => addLike(item.id)}>
  Like ({await likes})
</button>

Invalidation & Refresh Patterns

Manual Refresh

<script>
  import { getPosts } from './data.remote';
  const posts = getPosts();
</script>

<button onclick={() => posts.refresh()}>
  Refresh
</button>

Automatic Refresh After Mutations

Default: All queries refresh after form/command (inefficient).

Better: Specify which queries to refresh (single-flight mutation).

Server-side Refresh

export const createPost = form(async (data) => {
  await db.insert(data);
  getPosts().refresh(); // ← Only refresh affected queries
  redirect(303, '/posts');
});

Client-side Refresh

<form {...createPost.enhance(async ({ submit }) => {
  await submit().updates(getPosts()); // ← Specify queries
})}>
</form>

await addLike(id).updates(getLikes(id));

Optimistic Updates

<form {...addTodo.enhance(async ({ data, submit }) => {
  await submit().updates(
    getTodos().withOverride((todos) => [
      ...todos,
      { text: data.get('text') }
    ])
  );
})}>
</form>

The override applies immediately and reverts on error.

Detailed Documentation

For complete implementation details, read the reference files:

• references/quick-reference.md - Start here for syntax and common patterns
• references/query.md - Complete query function documentation
• references/form.md - Form functions with progressive enhancement
• references/command.md - Imperative command functions
• references/invalidation.md - Data refresh and optimistic update patterns

Common Workflows

Creating a Resource

1. Define query for fetching list and form for creation
2. In form handler, call query().refresh() before redirect
3. User sees updated list after redirect

Updating with Optimistic UI

1. Define query for data and command for update
2. Call command().updates(query().withOverride(...))
3. UI updates immediately, reverts on error

Form with Custom Logic

1. Use form.enhance() to customize submission
2. Access form data and submit function
3. Call submit().updates() for targeted refresh
4. Handle success/error states

Common Mistakes to Avoid

❌ Query Without Validation Schema

WRONG - Missing Zod schema:

// ❌ DON'T: Arguments without validation
export const getPost = query(async (slug) => {
  return await db.getPost(slug);
});

CORRECT:

// ✅ DO: Always validate arguments
import { z } from 'zod';

export const getPost = query(z.string(), async (slug) => {
  return await db.getPost(slug);
});

❌ Invalid Empty Object Syntax

WRONG - Empty object parameter:

// ❌ DON'T: Use empty object syntax
export const getPosts = query(async ({}) => {
  return await db.getAllPosts();
});

CORRECT:

// ✅ DO: Omit parameters entirely
export const getPosts = query(async () => {
  return await db.getAllPosts();
});

❌ Missing Arguments When Calling

WRONG - Forgetting required arguments:

// ❌ DON'T: Call without required arguments
const post = getPost(); // Missing slug parameter!

CORRECT:

// ✅ DO: Always pass required arguments
const post = getPost(params.slug);

❌ Using Event as Parameter

WRONG - Event as second parameter:

// ❌ DON'T: Use event as function parameter
export const getUser = query(z.string(), async (id, event) => {
  const session = event.cookies.get('session');
  return await db.getUser(id);
});

// ❌ Also wrong for commands
export const updateUser = command(z.string(), async (id, event) => {
  const userId = event.locals.user.id;
  await db.update(id, userId);
});

CORRECT:

// ✅ DO: Use getRequestEvent()
import { getRequestEvent } from '$app/server';

export const getUser = query(z.string(), async (id) => {
  const { cookies } = getRequestEvent();
  const session = cookies.get('session');
  return await db.getUser(id);
});

// ✅ For commands too
export const updateUser = command(z.string(), async (id) => {
  const { locals } = getRequestEvent();
  const userId = locals.user.id;
  await db.update(id, userId);
});

⚠️ Critical Syntax Rules

Query function signatures:

• ✅ No arguments: query(async () => { })
• ✅ With arguments: query(z.schema(), async (arg) => { })
• ❌ NEVER use: query(async ({}) => { })
• ❌ NEVER skip validation: query(async (arg) => { }) without schema
• ❌ NEVER use event parameter: query(z.schema(), async (arg, event) => { })

When calling remote functions:

• ✅ No args: getPosts()
• ✅ With args: getPost('slug-value')
• ❌ NEVER forget required arguments

Form and Command:

• Forms can omit schema if using FormData
• Commands should always validate arguments with Zod
• Both follow same validation patterns as queries

Accessing request context:

• ✅ DO: import { getRequestEvent } from '$app/server' then use getRequestEvent()
• ❌ DON'T: Use event as a function parameter

Validation

Always validate arguments using Standard Schema (Zod recommended):

import { z } from 'zod';

// String
query(z.string(), async (id) => { })

// Number
query(z.number(), async (count) => { })

// Object
query(z.object({
  id: z.string(),
  name: z.string()
}), async (data) => { })

// Optional
query(z.string().optional(), async (id) => { })

// Sensitive fields (underscore prefix)
form(z.object({
  username: z.string(),
  _password: z.string().min(8),
  _apiKey: z.string().optional()
}), async (data) => {
  // _password and _apiKey not sent back to client
})

// Complex schemas
query(z.object({
  filters: z.object({
    status: z.enum(['active', 'archived']),
    limit: z.number().min(1).max(100)
  })
}), async (params) => { })

Custom Validation Error Handling

Customize how validation errors are returned (e.g., for security):

// hooks.server.ts
export function handleValidationError({ event, issues }) {
  // Hide validation details from client
  return {
    message: 'Invalid request',
    code: 'VALIDATION_ERROR'
  };

  // Or return detailed errors
  // return { issues };
}

Best Practices

1. Prefer query over prerender for dynamic data
2. Prefer form over command for better progressive enhancement
3. Use single-flight mutations instead of refreshing all queries
4. Validate all arguments with Standard Schema
5. Use optimistic updates for better perceived performance
6. Server-side refresh when possible for simpler code
7. Use query.batch() when fetching multiple items to prevent N+1 queries
8. Use form.for(id) when rendering multiple forms for isolated state
9. Prefix sensitive fields with underscore (_password, _apiKey) to prevent sending back to client

Important Notes

• Commands cannot be called during render
• Queries are cached: getX() === getX()
• Data serialized with devalue (supports Date, Map, Set)
• Inside remote functions, RequestEvent differs (no params/route.id, url.pathname is always /)
• Sensitive fields (underscore-prefixed) are never sent back to the client after form submission
• Use handleValidationError hook in hooks.server.ts to customize validation error responses