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Requirements for creating or revising particle entries in je-dict-1. HIGH PRIORITY - covers predicate lists, particle contrasts, and fixed patterns.
Reminder: Write each entry individually by hand. Do not use scripts to mass-produce entries. See entry-guidelines skill.
Particles are among the most important entries for intermediate learners. They require especially thorough explanations.
List verbs and adjectives that specifically require this particle:
PREDICATES REQUIRING γ:
- γ§γγ - {ζ₯ζ¬θͺ|γ«γ»γγ}γγ§γγ (can do Japanese)
- {ε|γ}γγ - {ζε³|γγΏ}γ{ε|γ}γγ (understand the meaning)
- {ε₯½|γ}γ - {ι³ζ₯½|γγγγ}γ{ε₯½|γ}γ (like music)
- {欲|γ»}γγ - {ζ°΄|γΏγ}γ{欲|γ»}γγ (want water)
- {δΈζ|γγγγ} - {ζη|γγγγ}γ{δΈζ|γγγγ} (good at cooking)
- {θ¦ζ|γ«γγ¦} - {ζ°ε¦|γγγγ}γ{θ¦ζ|γ«γγ¦} (bad at math)
- γγ/γγ - {ζ¬|γ»γ}γγγ (there is a book)
- {θ¦|γΏ}γγ/{θ|γ}γγγ - {ε£°|γγ}γ{θ|γ}γγγ (can hear a voice)
Explicitly compare with particles learners confuse:
CONTRAST: γ vs. γ―
- γ marks NEW information or the specific subject
- γ― marks the TOPIC (old/known information)
Example contrast:
- {θͺ°|γ γ}γ{ζ₯|γ}γΎγγγγβ {η°δΈ|γγͺγ}γγγ{ζ₯|γ}γΎγγγ
(Who came? β Tanaka came.) [γ marks new info in answer]
- {η°δΈ|γγͺγ}γγγ―{ζ₯|γ}γΎγγγγβ γ―γγ{ζ₯|γ}γΎγγγ
(Did Tanaka come? β Yes, [he] came.) [γ― marks known topic]
Key particle contrasts to cover:
Explain information structure:
INFORMATION STRUCTURE:
- γ introduces NEW information
- γ― marks what is already KNOWN (topic)
In answers to questions:
- Q: {δ½|γͺγ«}γ{ε₯½|γ}γγ§γγγ(What do you like?)
- A: {ε―ΏεΈ|γγ}γ{ε₯½|γ}γγ§γγ(I like sushi.) [γ marks new info]
List grammatical patterns that use this particle:
FIXED PATTERNS:
- γγ¦γγ - after doing
- γγΎγ§γ« - by (deadline)
- γγ«γ€γγ¦ - about, concerning
- γγ«ι’γγ¦ - regarding
- γγ«γγγ¨ - according to
Important: Follow the formatting guidelines in the vocabulary-notes skill for proper structure.
[Particle] is used to mark [basic function].
MAIN USES:
1. [First use with explanation and example]
2. [Second use with explanation and example]
...
PREDICATES REQUIRING [particle]:
- [verb/adjective] - [example]
- [verb/adjective] - [example]
...
CONTRAST WITH [similar particle]:
[Explanation of difference]
[Contrastive examples]
FIXED PATTERNS:
- [pattern] - [meaning]
...
COMMON MISTAKES:
[What learners often get wrong]
All particle entries must include these tags in metadata.tags:
"metadata": {
"tags": {
"pos": ["particle"],
"formality": "neutral", // Most particles are neutral
"politeness": "plain", // Particles themselves are plain
"semantic": ["grammatical"] // Use "grammatical" for particles
}
}
Notes:
semantic: ["grammatical"] is appropriateformality variations (e.g., formal written particles)style tag can be added for written-only particles: "style": ["written"]See the example-sentences skill for complete requirements including:
Particle-specific guidelines:
