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    slgoodrich

    prioritization-methods

    slgoodrich/prioritization-methods
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    About

    Apply RICE, ICE, MoSCoW, Kano, and Value vs Effort frameworks. Use when prioritizing features, roadmap planning, or making trade-off decisions.

    SKILL.md

    Prioritization Methods & Frameworks

    Overview

    Data-driven frameworks for feature prioritization, backlog ranking, and MVP scoping. Choose the right framework based on your context: data availability, team size, and decision type.

    When to Use This Skill

    Auto-loaded by agents:

    • feature-prioritizer - For RICE/ICE scoring, MVP scoping, and backlog ranking

    Use when you need:

    • Choosing between competing features
    • Building quarterly roadmaps
    • Backlog prioritization
    • Saying "no" with evidence
    • Clear prioritization decisions
    • Resource allocation decisions
    • MVP scoping decisions

    Seven Core Frameworks

    1. RICE Scoring (Intercom)

    Formula: (Reach × Impact × Confidence) / Effort

    Best for: Large backlogs (20+ items) with quantitative data

    Components:

    • Reach: Users impacted per quarter
    • Impact: 0.25 (minimal) to 3 (massive)
    • Confidence: 50% (low data) to 100% (high data)
    • Effort: Person-months to ship

    Example:

    Dark Mode: (10,000 × 2.0 × 0.80) / 1.5 = 10,667
    

    When to use: Post-PMF with metrics, need defendable priorities, data-driven culture

    Template: assets/rice-scoring-template.md


    2. ICE Scoring (Sean Ellis)

    Formula: (Impact + Confidence + Ease) / 3

    Best for: Quick experiments, early-stage products, limited data

    Components (each 1-10):

    • Impact: How much will this move the needle?
    • Confidence: How sure are we?
    • Ease: How simple to implement?

    Example:

    Email Notifications: (8 + 9 + 7) / 3 = 8.0
    

    When to use: Growth experiments, startups, need speed over rigor

    Template: assets/ice-scoring-template.md


    3. Value vs Effort Matrix (2×2)

    Quadrants:

    • Quick Wins (high value, low effort) - Do first
    • Big Bets (high value, high effort) - Strategic
    • Fill-Ins (low value, low effort) - If capacity
    • Time Sinks (low value, high effort) - Avoid

    Best for: Visual presentations, portfolio planning, quick assessments

    When to use: Clear communication, strategic planning, need visualization

    Template: assets/value-effort-matrix-template.md


    4. MoSCoW Method

    Categories:

    • Must Have (60%) - Critical for launch
    • Should Have (20%) - Important but not critical
    • Could Have (20%) - Nice-to-have
    • Won't Have - Explicitly out of scope

    Best for: MVP scoping, release planning, clear scope decisions

    When to use: Fixed timeline, need to cut scope, binary go/no-go decisions

    Template: assets/moscow-prioritization-template.md


    5. Kano Model

    Categories:

    • Basic Needs (Must-Be): Expected, dissatisfiers if absent
    • Performance Needs: More is better, linear satisfaction
    • Excitement Needs (Delighters): Unexpected joy
    • Indifferent: Users don't care
    • Reverse: Users prefer without it

    Best for: Understanding user expectations, competitive positioning, roadmap sequencing

    When to use: Strategic planning, differentiation strategy, multi-release planning

    Template: assets/kano-model-template.md


    6. Weighted Scoring

    Process:

    1. Define criteria (User Value, Revenue, Strategic Fit, Effort)
    2. Assign weights (must sum to 100%)
    3. Score features (1-10) on each criterion
    4. Calculate weighted score

    Example:

    Criteria: User Value 40%, Revenue 30%, Strategic 20%, Ease 10%
    Feature: (8 × 0.40) + (6 × 0.30) + (9 × 0.20) + (5 × 0.10) = 7.3
    

    Best for: Multiple criteria, complex trade-offs, custom needs

    When to use: Balancing priorities, transparent decisions

    Template: assets/weighted-scoring-template.md


    7. Opportunity Scoring (Jobs-to-be-Done)

    Formula: Importance + Max(Importance - Satisfaction, 0)

    Process:

    1. Identify customer jobs (outcomes, not features)
    2. Survey: Rate importance (1-5) and satisfaction (1-5)
    3. Calculate opportunity = importance + gap
    4. Prioritize high-opportunity jobs (>7.0)

    Best for: Outcome-driven innovation, understanding underserved needs, feature gap analysis

    When to use: JTBD methodology, finding innovation opportunities, validation

    Template: assets/opportunity-scoring-template.md


    Choosing the Right Framework

    Need speed? → ICE (fastest)

    Have user data? → RICE (most rigorous)

    Visual presentation? → Value/Effort (clear visualization)

    MVP scoping? → MoSCoW (forces cuts)

    User expectations? → Kano (strategic insights)

    Complex criteria? → Weighted Scoring (custom)

    Outcome-focused? → Opportunity Scoring (JTBD)

    Detailed comparison: references/framework-selection-guide.md

    Complete decision tree, framework comparison table, combining strategies


    Best Practices

    1. Be Consistent

    • Use same framework across team
    • Document assumptions explicitly
    • Update scores as you learn

    2. Combine Frameworks

    • RICE for ranking + Value/Effort for visualization
    • MoSCoW for release + RICE for roadmap
    • Kano for strategy + ICE for tactics

    3. Avoid Common Pitfalls

    • Don't prioritize by HiPPO (Highest Paid Person's Opinion)
    • Don't ignore effort (value alone insufficient)
    • Don't set-and-forget (re-prioritize regularly)
    • Don't game the system (honest scoring)

    4. Clear Communication

    • Show your work (transparent criteria)
    • Visualize priorities clearly
    • Explain trade-offs explicitly
    • Document "why not" for rejected items

    5. Iterate and Learn

    • Track actual vs estimated impact
    • Refine scoring over time
    • Calibrate team estimates
    • Learn from misses

    Templates and References

    Assets (Ready-to-Use Templates)

    Copy-paste these for immediate use:

    • assets/rice-scoring-template.md - Reach × Impact × Confidence / Effort
    • assets/ice-scoring-template.md - Impact + Confidence + Ease / 3
    • assets/value-effort-matrix-template.md - 2×2 visualization
    • assets/moscow-prioritization-template.md - Must/Should/Could/Won't
    • assets/kano-model-template.md - Expectation analysis
    • assets/weighted-scoring-template.md - Custom criteria scoring
    • assets/opportunity-scoring-template.md - Jobs-to-be-done prioritization

    References (Deep Dives)

    When you need comprehensive guidance:

    • references/framework-selection-guide.md - Choose the right framework, comparison table, combining strategies, decision tree

    Quick Reference

    Problem: Too many features, limited resources
    Solution: Use prioritization framework
    
    Context-Based Selection:
    ├─ Lots of data? → RICE
    ├─ Need speed? → ICE
    ├─ Visual presentation? → Value/Effort
    ├─ MVP scoping? → MoSCoW
    ├─ User expectations? → Kano
    ├─ Complex criteria? → Weighted Scoring
    └─ Outcome-focused? → Opportunity Scoring
    
    Always: Document, communicate, iterate
    

    Resources

    Books:

    • "Intercom on Product Management" (RICE framework)
    • "Hacking Growth" by Sean Ellis (ICE scoring)
    • "Jobs to be Done" by Anthony Ulwick (Opportunity scoring)

    Tools:

    • Airtable/Notion for scoring
    • ProductPlan for roadmaps
    • Aha!, ProductBoard for frameworks

    Articles:

    • "RICE: Simple prioritization for product managers" - Intercom
    • "How to use ICE Scoring" - Sean Ellis
    • "The Kano Model" - UX Magazine

    Troubleshooting

    "Everything scores the same priority": Your scoring criteria are too coarse. Increase granularity -- use 1-10 instead of 1-5. Or you're not differentiating on Effort enough. Recalibrate by anchoring your highest and lowest items first, then score the rest relative to those.

    "Stakeholders disagree on scores": Use the framework as a discussion tool, not a calculator. When scores diverge, the value is in surfacing the disagreement, not resolving it with math. Have stakeholders defend their scores, then converge.

    "I don't know which framework to pick": Start with RICE. It's the most widely applicable. Switch to Kano if you need to understand customer delight vs. expectations, or MoSCoW if you need a quick yes/no cut for a deadline.


    Related Skills

    • roadmap-frameworks - Turn priorities into roadmaps
    • specification-techniques - Spec prioritized features
    • product-positioning - Strategic positioning and differentiation

    Key Principle: Choose one framework, use it consistently, iterate. Don't over-analyze - prioritization should enable decisions, not paralyze them.

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