Bundled upstream support

Supporting files are included at skill-relative paths. See UPSTREAM-NOTICE.md for their pinned sources, licenses, hashes, and import changes.

Supporting material availability

These paths remain unavailable in this catalog copy:

• <support-root>/references/vpn-setup.md

Do not invoke a step that requires one of these files. Obtain the original material and review its dependencies, license, and effects before use. Independent inline steps and the bundled helpers can proceed within the user’s authorized scope.

Hybrid Cloud Networking

Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises and cloud environments using VPN, Direct Connect, and ExpressRoute.

Do not use this skill when

• The task is unrelated to hybrid cloud networking
• You need a different domain or tool outside this scope

Instructions

• Clarify goals, constraints, and required inputs.
• Apply relevant best practices and validate outcomes.
• Provide actionable steps and verification.

Purpose

Establish secure, reliable network connectivity between on-premises data centers and cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP).

Use this skill when

• Connect on-premises to cloud
• Extend datacenter to cloud
• Implement hybrid active-active setups
• Meet compliance requirements
• Migrate to cloud gradually

Connection Options

Confirm the exact account/subscription/project, CIDRs, routing policy and maintenance window before provisioning or advertising routes. The throughput/SLA figures below are version/topology-dependent examples, not guarantees; verify current provider documentation and prerequisites. Private circuits are not inherently end-to-end encrypted: select supported MACsec/IPsec/TLS where required. Avoid advertising the example entire 10.0.0.0/8 unless explicitly intended; overlapping routes or broad propagation can leak traffic or break connectivity. Plan rollback and test MTU, asymmetric routing, DNS and failover. Dual tunnels to one device/facility are not independent physical redundancy.

AWS Connectivity

1. Site-to-Site VPN

• IPSec VPN over internet
• Up to 1.25 Gbps per tunnel
• Cost-effective for moderate bandwidth
• Higher latency, internet-dependent

resource "aws_vpn_gateway" "main" {
  vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id
  tags = {
    Name = "main-vpn-gateway"
  }
}

resource "aws_customer_gateway" "main" {
  bgp_asn    = 65000
  ip_address = "203.0.113.1"
  type       = "ipsec.1"
}

resource "aws_vpn_connection" "main" {
  vpn_gateway_id      = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
  customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.main.id
  type                = "ipsec.1"
  static_routes_only  = false
}

2. AWS Direct Connect

• Dedicated network connection
• 1 Gbps to 100 Gbps
• Lower latency, consistent bandwidth
• More expensive, setup time required

Reference: See references/direct-connect.md

Azure Connectivity

1. Site-to-Site VPN

resource "azurerm_virtual_network_gateway" "vpn" {
  name                = "vpn-gateway"
  location            = azurerm_resource_group.main.location
  resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.main.name

  type     = "Vpn"
  vpn_type = "RouteBased"
  sku      = "VpnGw1"

  ip_configuration {
    name                          = "vnetGatewayConfig"
    public_ip_address_id          = azurerm_public_ip.vpn.id
    private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic"
    subnet_id                     = azurerm_subnet.gateway.id
  }
}

2. Azure ExpressRoute

• Private connection via connectivity provider
• Up to 100 Gbps
• Low latency, high reliability
• Premium for global connectivity

GCP Connectivity

1. Cloud VPN

• IPSec VPN (Classic or HA VPN)
• HA VPN: 99.99% SLA
• Up to 3 Gbps per tunnel

2. Cloud Interconnect

• Dedicated (10 Gbps, 100 Gbps)
• Partner (50 Mbps to 50 Gbps)
• Lower latency than VPN

Hybrid Network Patterns

Pattern 1: Hub-and-Spoke

On-Premises Datacenter
         ↓
    VPN/Direct Connect
         ↓
    Transit Gateway (AWS) / vWAN (Azure)
         ↓
    ├─ Production VPC/VNet
    ├─ Staging VPC/VNet
    └─ Development VPC/VNet

Pattern 2: Multi-Region Hybrid

On-Premises
    ├─ Direct Connect → us-east-1
    └─ Direct Connect → us-west-2
            ↓
        Cross-Region Peering

Pattern 3: Multi-Cloud Hybrid

On-Premises Datacenter
    ├─ Direct Connect → AWS
    ├─ ExpressRoute → Azure
    └─ Interconnect → GCP

Routing Configuration

BGP Configuration

On-Premises Router:
- AS Number: 65000
- Advertise: 10.0.0.0/8

Cloud Router:
- AS Number: 64512 (AWS), 65515 (Azure)
- Advertise: Cloud VPC/VNet CIDRs

Route Propagation

• Enable route propagation on route tables
• Use BGP for dynamic routing
• Implement route filtering
• Monitor route advertisements

Security Best Practices

1. Use private connectivity (Direct Connect/ExpressRoute)
2. Implement encryption for VPN tunnels
3. Use VPC endpoints to avoid internet routing
4. Configure network ACLs and security groups
5. Enable VPC Flow Logs for monitoring
6. Implement DDoS protection
7. Use PrivateLink/Private Endpoints
8. Monitor connections with CloudWatch/Monitor
9. Implement redundancy (dual tunnels)
10. Regular security audits

High Availability

Dual VPN Tunnels

resource "aws_vpn_connection" "primary" {
  vpn_gateway_id      = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
  customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.primary.id
  type                = "ipsec.1"
}

resource "aws_vpn_connection" "secondary" {
  vpn_gateway_id      = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id
  customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.secondary.id
  type                = "ipsec.1"
}

Active-Active Configuration

• Multiple connections from different locations
• BGP for automatic failover
• Equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing
• Monitor health of all connections

Monitoring and Troubleshooting

Key Metrics

• Tunnel status (up/down)
• Bytes in/out
• Packet loss
• Latency
• BGP session status

Troubleshooting

# AWS VPN
aws ec2 describe-vpn-connections
# Inspect VgwTelemetry in describe-vpn-connections and CloudWatch VPN metrics

# Azure VPN
az network vpn-connection show
az network vpn-connection show-device-config-script

Cost Optimization

1. Right-size connections based on traffic
2. Use VPN for low-bandwidth workloads
3. Consolidate traffic through fewer connections
4. Minimize data transfer costs
5. Use Direct Connect for high bandwidth
6. Implement caching to reduce traffic

Reference Files

• references/vpn-setup.md - VPN configuration guide
• references/direct-connect.md - Direct Connect setup

Related Skills

• multi-cloud-architecture - For architecture decisions
• terraform-module-library - For IaC implementation

Limitations

• Use this skill only when the task clearly matches the scope described above.
• Do not treat the output as a substitute for environment-specific validation, testing, or expert review.
• Stop and ask for clarification if required inputs, permissions, safety boundaries, or success criteria are missing.