Ingest Codebase - Mental Model Creation

Create a comprehensive mental model that captures how a system actually works - not just what files exist, but the conceptual boundaries, responsibilities, decisions, and connections that shape it.

When to Use

• Starting a new mental model for a codebase
• The existing model feels incomplete or shallow
• Onboarding to understand a system's architecture
• After major changes to verify the model is still accurate

Philosophy

A good domain model answers:

• "What are the core things this system deals with?" → Domains
• "What can this system do?" → Capabilities (with --operates-on connections!)
• "What concerns cut across multiple parts?" → Aspects (with --applies-to connections!)
• "Why was it built this way?" → Decisions

CRITICAL: Every capability MUST have --operates-on linking it to domains. Every aspect MUST have --applies-to. Orphan entities indicate incomplete modeling.

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Phase 1: Rapid Codebase Survey (Launch 5-10 Agents in Parallel)

Before modeling, understand the codebase structure. Launch parallel agents to explore different aspects simultaneously:

Agent 1: "Read README.md, package.json, and entry points. What problem does this solve? Who are the users?"
Agent 2: "List all top-level directories. What's in each? (src/, lib/, apps/, packages/, etc.)"
Agent 3: "Find configuration files (*.config.*, .env*, etc.). What can be configured?"
Agent 4: "Search for 'export class' or 'export function' in key directories. What are the main abstractions?"
Agent 5: "Look for test directories. What's being tested? This reveals important functionality."
Agent 6: "Search for API routes, CLI commands, or event handlers. What are the entry points?"
Agent 7: "Look for database models, schemas, or types. What data does this system manage?"
Agent 8: "Search for external integrations (HTTP clients, SDKs, third-party services)."

Output: A map of the codebase with preliminary domain candidates.

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Phase 2: Deep Domain Exploration (Launch 10-20 Agents in Parallel)

For each potential domain area discovered in Phase 1, launch a dedicated agent:

For EACH major directory or subsystem, launch an agent with this prompt:

"Thoroughly explore [DIRECTORY] in [REPO_PATH]. Answer:
1. What domain concepts exist here? (nouns - things with identity)
2. What capabilities does it provide? (verbs - actions that can be performed)
3. What does this area depend on? (imports, calls to other modules)
4. What depends on this area? (who imports/uses this)
5. What architectural decisions are visible? (patterns, trade-offs)
6. List key files and their purposes.
Be comprehensive - read the actual code, don't just list files."

Example for a large codebase with 15 directories:

Launch 15 agents in parallel, one for each:
- src/auth/
- src/users/
- src/payments/
- src/notifications/
- src/api/
- src/database/
- apps/web/
- apps/mobile/
- packages/shared/
- packages/ui/
- src/infrastructure/
- src/integrations/
- src/jobs/
- scripts/
- etc.

Each agent should return:

• 2-5 domain candidates with descriptions
• 3-10 capability candidates with what domains they operate on
• 1-3 aspect candidates (cross-cutting concerns)
• 2-5 notable architectural decisions

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Phase 3: Build the Mental Model

Based on agent findings, create entities using the mental CLI:

Domains (Nouns - Core Business Concepts)

mental add domain <Name> \
  --desc "What it represents, its lifecycle, key attributes" \
  --files "path/to/key/files.ts,another/file.ts"

Good domains:

• Have clear boundaries ("this is a User, that is a Session")
• Are spoken about by stakeholders (ubiquitous language)
• Would exist even if you rewrote the code
• Typically 8-15 domains for a medium/large codebase

Anti-patterns to avoid:

• "Utils", "Helpers", "Services" - code organization, not domains
• "Data", "Info" - too generic
• Implementation details ("RedisCache", "PostgresStore")

Capabilities (Verbs - What the System Does)

mental add capability <Name> \
  --desc "What it does, when it's triggered" \
  --files "path/to/implementation.ts" \
  --operates-on "Domain1,Domain2,Domain3"

CRITICAL: Always include --operates-on to connect capabilities to domains!

After adding, verify with:

mental update capability <Name> --operates-on "Domain1,Domain2"

Good capabilities:

• Describe behavior, not structure (e.g., "AuthenticateUser" not "AuthService")
• Have clear inputs and outputs
• Typically 15-30 capabilities for a medium/large codebase

Aspects (Cross-Cutting Concerns)

mental add aspect <Name> \
  --desc "What cross-cutting concern it addresses" \
  --files "path/to/implementation.ts" \
  --applies-to "Capability1,Domain2,Capability3"

CRITICAL: Always include --applies-to to show what the aspect affects!

Good aspects:

• Affect behavior of multiple capabilities
• Are "-ilities": security, reliability, observability, caching, logging
• Typically 5-10 aspects for a medium/large codebase

Decisions (The Why)

mental add decision "<What was decided>" \
  --why "Rationale, constraints, trade-offs"

Capture at least 5-10 significant architectural decisions.

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Phase 4: Verify Completeness (Launch 5-10 Verification Agents)

After initial modeling, launch verification agents to find gaps:

Agent 1: "List all domains in the mental model. For each, what capabilities operate on it?
         Flag any domains with zero capabilities - these are orphans that need capabilities added."

Agent 2: "List all capabilities. Do they all have operates-on connections?
         Flag any without connections and suggest which domains they should connect to."

Agent 3: "List all aspects. Do they all have applies-to connections?
         Flag any without connections and suggest what they should apply to."

Agent 4: "Compare the directory structure to the mental model.
         Are there major directories not covered by any domain? List gaps."

Agent 5: "Review the decisions captured. Are there obvious architectural patterns
         (monorepo, microservices, event-driven, etc.) not documented? What's missing?"

Agent 6: "For each domain, are there CRUD-like capabilities? (Create, Read, Update, Delete, List)
         Many domains should have management capabilities - flag domains that seem incomplete."

Quality Checklist

Before considering the model complete:

• Coverage: Every significant directory maps to at least one entity
• No orphan domains: Every domain has at least one capability operating on it
• No orphan capabilities: Every capability has --operates-on connections
• No orphan aspects: Every aspect has --applies-to connections
• Decisions captured: At least 5-10 architectural decisions documented
• Reasonable granularity: 8-15 domains, 15-30 capabilities for medium codebase
• Grounded in code: Entities map to real files, not theoretical concepts

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Phase 5: Fill Gaps (Iterate Until Complete)

If gaps are found, launch targeted agents to fill them:

"Domain X has no capabilities. Explore the files for X and find what actions/operations
 can be performed on it. Look for: create, update, delete, list, validate, transform, etc."

"Capability Y has no operates-on. Read the implementation and determine which domains
 it actually works with. What data does it read? What does it modify?"

"Directory Z is not covered by the model. Explore it thoroughly and determine if it
 represents a new domain, capabilities for existing domains, or cross-cutting aspects."

Use mental update to fix connections:

mental update capability <Name> --operates-on "Domain1,Domain2"
mental update aspect <Name> --applies-to "Capability1,Domain2"

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Scaling Guidelines

Codebase Size	Domains	Capabilities	Aspects	Decisions	Total Agents
Small (<50k LOC)	4-8	10-20	3-5	3-5	10-15
Medium (50-200k)	8-15	20-40	5-10	5-10	20-30
Large (200k+)	12-20	30-60	8-15	10-20	30-50

Don't be afraid to launch many agents - parallel exploration is much faster than sequential.

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Example: Ingesting a 300k+ LOC Codebase

Phase 1 (8 agents in parallel): Quick survey → identify ~20 potential areas Phase 2 (20 agents in parallel): Deep dive each area → raw findings Phase 3: Synthesize into 15 domains, 35 capabilities, 8 aspects, 12 decisions Phase 4 (6 agents in parallel): Verify completeness → find 8 gaps Phase 5 (8 agents in parallel): Fill gaps → add missing connections

Total: ~42 agent launches, model complete in one session

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Common Mistakes

1. Not launching enough agents - One agent can't thoroughly explore a large codebase
2. Missing --operates-on - Capabilities without domain connections are useless
3. Missing --applies-to - Aspects without targets don't show their impact
4. Too shallow - "Auth" as single capability vs. "Login, Logout, TokenRefresh, PasswordReset, SessionManagement"
5. Modeling code structure - Avoid "Controllers", "Services", "Repositories" as domains
6. Skipping verification - Always run verification agents to catch gaps
7. Not iterating - First pass is never complete; plan for 2-3 rounds

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mental CLI Quick Reference

# Add entities
mental add domain <Name> --desc "..." --files "..."
mental add capability <Name> --desc "..." --files "..." --operates-on "Dom1,Dom2"
mental add aspect <Name> --desc "..." --files "..." --applies-to "Cap1,Dom2"
mental add decision "<What>" --why "..."

# Update connections (IMPORTANT!)
mental update capability <Name> --operates-on "Dom1,Dom2,Dom3"
mental update aspect <Name> --applies-to "Cap1,Cap2,Dom1"
mental update domain <Name> --desc "new description"

# View model
mental show          # Text output
mental view          # Interactive visualization in browser

# Delete if needed
mental delete domain <Name>
mental delete capability <Name>
mental delete aspect <Name>