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Query the China Biographical Database (CBDB) API to retrieve comprehensive biographical data about historical Chinese figures...
Query the China Biographical Database (~500K historical Chinese figures, 7th c. BCE–19th c. CE).
API endpoint:
https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php
Response structure is deeply nested:
response["Package"]["PersonAuthority"]["PersonInfo"]["Person"]
The Person object contains: BasicInfo, PersonAliases.Alias, PersonAddresses.Address, PersonEntryInfo.Entry, PersonPostings.Posting, PersonSocialStatus.SocialStatus, PersonKinshipInfo.Kinship, PersonSocialAssociation.Association, PersonTexts.Text, PersonSources.Source.
Each section is a dict when it has records, but an empty string "" when it has none. Inside a section, one record may come back as a dict and several as a list. Person itself may also be a list if the name matches more than one person.
Encoding: Pass Chinese characters as UTF-8 directly — do not URL-encode into hex.
Use scripts/cbdb_api.py for programmatic access (zero dependencies):
from scripts.cbdb_api import CBDBAPI
api = CBDBAPI()
# By name (Chinese or Pinyin)
person = api.query_by_name("蘇軾")
person = api.query_by_name("Wang Anshi")
people = api.query_by_name_all("Wang Anshi") # every match, as a list
# By ID (most precise)
person = api.query_by_id(1762)
# Extract structured data
basic = api.get_basic_info(person) # name, dates, dynasty
postings = api.get_postings(person) # official positions
assocs = api.get_social_associations(person) # social network
kinship = api.get_kinship(person) # family relations
alt_names = api.get_alt_names(person) # courtesy name, pen name, etc.
entries = api.get_entries(person) # exam / entry records
addresses = api.get_addresses(person) # places
# Formatted summary
print(api.summarize(person))
The script handles rate limiting, retries (including HTTP 429 Retry-After), a User-Agent header, and the nested JSON navigation automatically. A person that is not found returns None (the API answers with HTTP 404 and a JSON error body).
Query by Chinese name:
https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?name=蘇軾&o=json
Query by Pinyin: (URL-encode spaces only)
https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?name=Wang%20Anshi&o=json
Query by ID: (most precise)
https://cbdb.fas.harvard.edu/cbdbapi/person.php?id=1762&o=json
Priority: ID > Chinese characters > Pinyin (Pinyin may return multiple matches).
Multiple results from Pinyin queries: Check dynasty, dates, or other context to identify the correct person. If ambiguous, present options to the user.
Error response (sent with HTTP status 404; bad input such as a non-numeric ID gives 422):
{"error": {"code": 404, "message": "Person not found."}}
Try alternative name forms (Chinese vs Pinyin), check spelling, or try courtesy names (å—, 號).
Common record fields: Posting: OfficeName, AddrName, FirstYear, LastYear. Association: AssocPersonName, AssocPersonId, AssocName (relation type). Kinship: KinPersonName, KinPersonId, KinRelName. Alias: AliasType, AliasName. A year of "0" means unknown.
BasicInfo fields: PersonId, EngName, ChName, IndexYear, Gender, YearBirth, YearDeath, Dynasty, Notes
PersonAddresses in the CHGIS Temporal Gazetteerreferences/api_reference.md — Complete endpoint specs, all parameters, response structure detailsscripts/cbdb_api.py — Python client with rate limiting and structured data extraction