Castella MCP Integration

MCP (Model Context Protocol) enables AI agents to introspect and control Castella UIs programmatically. This provides a standard protocol for AI-UI interaction.

When to use: "enable MCP for Castella", "MCP server", "semantic ID", "MCP resources", "MCP tools", "SSE transport", "CastellaMCPServer", "control UI with MCP"

Quick Start

Create an MCP-enabled Castella app:

from castella import App, Column, Button, Input, Text
from castella.frame import Frame
from castella.mcp import CastellaMCPServer

# Build UI with semantic IDs
ui = Column(
    Text("Hello MCP!").semantic_id("greeting"),
    Input("").semantic_id("name-input"),
    Button("Submit").semantic_id("submit-btn"),
)

app = App(Frame("MCP Demo", 800, 600), ui)

# Create MCP server
mcp = CastellaMCPServer(app, name="my-castella-app")
mcp.run_in_background()  # Run MCP in background thread

app.run()  # Run UI on main thread

Installation

uv sync --extra mcp   # MCP dependencies

Semantic IDs

Assign stable, human-readable identifiers to widgets:

Button("Submit").semantic_id("submit-btn")
Input("").semantic_id("email-input")
CheckBox(state).semantic_id("newsletter-checkbox")
Text("Status").semantic_id("status-text")

Auto-generated IDs (if not specified): button_0, input_1, etc.

Best Practices for Semantic IDs

• Use descriptive names: submit-form-btn, not btn1
• Use kebab-case: user-name-input
• Include widget type: email-input, save-btn
• Match action/purpose: login-btn, search-input

MCP Resources

Read-only data available to AI agents:

URI	Description
ui://tree	Complete UI tree structure
ui://focus	Currently focused element
ui://elements	All interactive elements
ui://element/{id}	Specific element details
a2ui://surfaces	A2UI surfaces (if A2UI enabled)

Example: UI Tree Resource

{
  "type": "tree",
  "root": {
    "id": "root",
    "type": "Column",
    "children": [
      {"id": "greeting", "type": "Text", "value": "Hello MCP!"},
      {"id": "name-input", "type": "Input", "value": "", "interactive": true},
      {"id": "submit-btn", "type": "Button", "label": "Submit", "interactive": true}
    ]
  }
}

MCP Tools

Actions AI agents can perform:

Tool	Description	Parameters
click	Click/tap element	element_id
type_text	Type into input	element_id, text, replace
focus	Set focus	element_id
scroll	Scroll container	element_id, direction, amount
toggle	Toggle checkbox/switch	element_id
select	Select in picker/tabs	element_id, value
list_actionable	List interactive elements	-
send_a2ui	Send A2UI message	message

Tool Examples

# Click a button
click(element_id="submit-btn")

# Type into input (replace existing text)
type_text(element_id="name-input", text="Alice", replace=True)

# Type into input (append)
type_text(element_id="name-input", text=" Smith", replace=False)

# Toggle checkbox
toggle(element_id="newsletter-checkbox")

# Select tab
select(element_id="main-tabs", value="settings")

# Scroll down
scroll(element_id="message-list", direction="down", amount=100)

Transports

stdio (Default)

For MCP clients that communicate via stdin/stdout:

mcp = CastellaMCPServer(app, name="my-app")
mcp.run_in_background()  # Uses stdio transport

SSE (HTTP)

For HTTP-based MCP clients (Claude Desktop, web clients):

mcp = CastellaMCPServer(app, name="my-app")
mcp.run_sse_in_background(host="localhost", port=8765)

SSE endpoints:

• GET /sse - SSE event stream
• POST /message - Send MCP messages
• GET /health - Health check

Example: MCP Client (Python)

Control a Castella app via HTTP:

import json
import urllib.request

def call_tool(name: str, **kwargs) -> dict:
    message = {
        "type": "call_tool",
        "params": {"name": name, "arguments": kwargs}
    }
    data = json.dumps(message).encode("utf-8")
    req = urllib.request.Request(
        "http://localhost:8765/message",
        data=data,
        headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"},
    )
    with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
        return json.loads(response.read())

# Type into input
call_tool("type_text", element_id="name-input", text="Alice", replace=True)

# Click button
call_tool("click", element_id="submit-btn")

# Toggle checkbox
call_tool("toggle", element_id="newsletter-checkbox")

# List all interactive elements
result = call_tool("list_actionable")
print(result)

A2UI + MCP Integration

Combine A2UI rendering with MCP control:

from castella.a2ui import A2UIRenderer, A2UIComponent
from castella.mcp import CastellaMCPServer

renderer = A2UIRenderer(on_action=on_action)
renderer.render_json(a2ui_json)
surface = renderer.get_surface("default")

app = App(Frame("A2UI + MCP", 800, 600), A2UIComponent(surface))

# MCP with A2UI renderer for bidirectional integration
mcp = CastellaMCPServer(app, a2ui_renderer=renderer)
mcp.run_sse_in_background(port=8766)

app.run()

A2UI component IDs automatically become MCP semantic IDs.

send_a2ui Tool

When A2UI renderer is provided, the send_a2ui tool becomes available:

send_a2ui(message={
    "updateDataModel": {
        "surfaceId": "default",
        "data": {"/counter": 42}
    }
})

API Reference

CastellaMCPServer

from castella.mcp import CastellaMCPServer

mcp = CastellaMCPServer(
    app=app,                    # Castella App instance
    name="my-app",              # MCP server name
    version="1.0.0",            # Version string
    a2ui_renderer=None,         # Optional A2UIRenderer
)

# Blocking methods
mcp.run()                       # Run stdio (blocks)
mcp.run_sse(host, port)         # Run SSE (blocks)

# Background methods
mcp.run_in_background()         # Run stdio in thread
mcp.run_sse_in_background(host, port)  # Run SSE in thread

# Management
mcp.refresh_registry()          # Refresh widget registry
mcp.stop()                      # Stop server

ElementInfo

Information about a UI element:

element = {
    "id": "submit-btn",
    "type": "Button",
    "label": "Submit",
    "value": None,
    "bounds": {"x": 10, "y": 100, "width": 80, "height": 40},
    "interactive": True,
    "focused": False,
}

Best Practices

1. Use descriptive semantic IDs for all interactive elements
2. Refresh registry after major UI changes: mcp.refresh_registry()
3. Use SSE transport for remote/HTTP clients
4. Combine with A2UI for full agent-UI integration
5. Handle errors in tool calls gracefully

Reference

• references/resources.md - Complete resource URI reference
• references/tools.md - Complete tool reference
• references/types.md - ElementInfo, UITreeNode types
• scripts/ - Executable examples (mcp_basic.py, mcp_sse.py)